Introduction: Currently, a substance called casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate has been used as a substitute for fluoride mouthwash. This study aimed to compare the remineralization rate of fluoridated GC Tooth mousse with concomitant use of fluoride mouthwash and GC Tooth mousse on demineralized enamel lesions.Materials & Methods: In this laboratory study, 50 samples were selected from 30 intact human premolars, halved into buccal and lingual segments, and randomly divided into five groups. Enamel health was recorded using a DIAGNOdent device and Vickers micro hardness test.Afterwards, the remineralized agents were applied to the surface of samples for two weeks as follows: 1) Control, 2) Fluoridated GC Tooth mousse, 3) GC Tooth mousse, 4) Sodium fluoride mouthwash and 5) Sodium fluoride mouthwash+GC Tooth mousse. Repeatedly, enamel remineralization values were recorded via DIAGNOdent device, and data were analyzed using one-way and two-way repeated measures ANOVA tests.Results: Our findings indicated that no significant difference was observed between remineralization rate of fluoridated GC Tooth mousse and concomitant use of fluoride mouthwash and GC Tooth mousse, evaluated by DIAGNOdent device (P=0.959) and Vickers micro hardness test (P=0.884).Conclusion: According to the results, application of fluoridated GC Tooth mousse with concomitant use of fluoride mouthwash and GC Tooth mousse had a similar impact on remineralization of demineralized enamel lesions.

Background and Aim: Fractured anterior teeth can be restored by adhesive bonding of the separated fragment to the remaining Tooth structure. This invitro study evaluated the force required for fracture of rebounded fragments which were dried and rewetted for various time intervals prior to bonding.Materials and Methods: One hundred and eight human mandibular incisors were selected and were divided into 9 groups and then were fractured. The fragments were stored in air at room temperature and ambient humidity. They were air dried for 30 minutes in group 1, 2 and 3, 6 h in group 4 and 5, 24 h in group 6 and 7, and 3 days in groups 8 and 9. The apical parts of the fractured teeth were stored in water. After storage in air, each fragment in group 1 was bonded to the remaining apical Tooth structure with a bonding agent and flowable composite. In groups 2, 4, 6 and 8 after air drying the fragments were stored in water for 30min. The time of storage in water in groups 3, 5, 7, 9 were 24 hours. Then each fragment was bonded to the apical part structure. The mean force required for fracture was measured by a mechanical testing machine. One way ANOVA and Tuckey tests were used for analysis.Results: There were statistically significant differences between different groups (p<0.001).The highest and lowest force required for fracture belonged to groups 3 and 8 respectively. The force required for fracture in group 1 was lower than group 2, 3, 5 and 7 and 9 and more than groups 4, 6 and 8 with significant differences. While there were no significant differences among groups 3, 5, 7, 9 and 4, 6, 8 the force required for fracture in groups 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 was more than 4, 6, 8 with significant differences.Conclusion: This research revealed that the force required for fracture was affected by air storage of fragments prior to bonding. Also showed that with an increase in duration of drying the force required for fracture decreased and after a period of time it becomes steady. This study showed that in order to increase the fracture strength after air drying the fragment should be immersed in water for at least 24 hours prior to bonding.

Aim: The present study aimed to establish the mesiodistal Crown dimension and intra-maxillary Tooth width ratios of permanent teeth in a Tanzanian population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Muhimbili University Dental Clinic involving 204 orthodontic study models with normal intra-arch occlusion. The mesiodistal width of all the permanent teeth, excluding the second and third molars, was measured using a digital Vernier caliper. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Tooth width means comparison between sexes and sides was performed using an independent t-test with the significance level set at P<0.05. Intra-arch Tooth width ratios, correlation of variance, and mesiodistal Tooth width means were calculated and presented in descriptive statistic tables.Results: The widest Tooth was the first lower molar (11.55 mm), followed by the upper first molar (10.53 mm) and upper central incisor (9.22 mm). The smallest teeth were the central incisors in the lower jaw (5.67 mm) and the second premolar in the upper jaw (7.12 mm). Males had statistically wider teeth than females in all teeth except the second premolars and upper lateral incisor (P<0.05). The proportions of the upper laterals to upper central incisors were 80.5% and 81.3% in males and females, respectively. Furthermore, the ratio of the upper first premolar to that of the upper canine was 96.3% in females and 93.6% in males. Conclusion: Odontometrics data for the Tanzanian population was determined. The derived measurements were relatively higher compared to those reported in most other populations.

Introduction: Stainless steel Crown (SSC) is an extremely durable restoration with several clear-cut indications for use in primary teeth, including restoration after pulpotomy/pulpectomy, restoration of teeth with developmental defects, and large carious lesions involving multiple surfaces. The aim of this review article was to assess the efficacy of SSCs for the restoration of primary molars compared to other restorative materials.Materials and Methods: Medline and ISI Web of Science were searched for scientific papers based on the use of SSCs in order to compare the efficacy and longevity of SSCs compared to other restorative materials from 1950 to 2010. Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in English and human studies.Results: Children with extensive decay, large lesions or multiple-surface lesions in primary molars have been treated with stainless steel Crowns. Because of protection from future decay provided by their full-coverage feature and their increased durability and longevity, SSCs should be particularly considered in children who are treated under general anesthesia.Conclusion: The majority of clinical trials have recommended the use of SSCs in the restoration of primary molars due to successful treatment results and their efficacy and cost-effectiveness.